Why did white men conquer the world?

Geography, rather than genetics or intelligence, drove the divergent development of human societies and the eventual dominance of Eurasia. The "geographic lottery" provided Eurasia with a superior array of domesticable plants and animals, which enabled early transitions to agriculture and supported dense, sedentary populations. Eurasia’s east-west orientation facilitated the rapid spread of these crops and technological innovations across similar climate zones, whereas the north-south axes of the Americas and Africa created insurmountable environmental barriers. Furthermore, long-term proximity to domesticated animals fostered immunity to "crowd diseases" like smallpox, which later decimated indigenous populations upon contact. These environmental advantages granted Eurasian civilizations a multi-millennial head start in technology, political organization, and weaponry, making the conquest of other continents an inevitable consequence of geographic conditions rather than inherent societal superiority.