Tom Mueller is best known for his instrumental role at SpaceX as propulsion CTO, but he’s now turned his sights to his new venture, Impulse Space. Founded in 2021, Impulse aims to provide reliable and economical in-space transportation services. The company services include GEO/GTO/LEO logistics, in-orbit servicing, spacecraft life extension, active debris removal, and situational awareness.

The company plans to operate within Earth’s orbit and beyond, including lunar and Mars missions, which Mueller believes will open the gateway to space resource transportation, asteroid mining, in-space manufacturing, and propellant depots.

Last summer, the company announced a partnership with Relativity to launch the first private mission to Mars and just last week Orbit Fab announced that it would use a vehicle developed by Impulse Space for an in-orbit refueling demonstration.

In addition to Impulse’s origin story, Mo and Tom discuss:

Building propulsion systems
Initial target markets
Engineering thrusters vs engines
Mira’s first mission this October
Lessons learned (and memorable stories) from SpaceX

And much more…

This episode is brought to you by SpiderOak, a US-based software company that builds space cybersecurity products and solutions for civilian, military, and commercial space operations. Learn more at https://spideroak.com/

• Chapters •

00:00 - Intro and Ad spot

01:41 - Why rockets and why propulsion?

03:25 -Early work at TRW

07:43 - Introducing Impulse

10:54 - The size of Impulse's market

12:59 - First product: Mira

15:19 - Second product: Helios

17:00 - Small thruster performance

20:31 - Competition in orbital transfer vehicles

22:16 - Chemical propulsion vs electrical?

23:10 - What are some of the elements/process of innovation that you're applying from SpaceX?

26:38 - Relativity mission

28:56 - Efficiency in getting propellant from the Moon vs the Earth

31:03 - Building and recruiting a team

33:22 - Spider Oak Ad break

34:29 - Why is launch so hard?

37:55 - How do you bounce back from failure?

38:52 - Future of rocket propulsion

40:42 - Starship and the future of engineering constraints

42:26 - What other companies excite you?

43:32 - What's harder, designing a championship-winning F1 car or a new launch vehicle from scratch?

46:46 - Do you spend more time racing or tinkering?

48:19 - The future of racing electric vehicles?

49:41 - If you could race a lap in your favorite car, who would you take with you?

52:57 - Most memorable moment from your time at SpaceX

54:29 - When do you think we'll be back on the Moon? Mars?

• Show notes •

Impulse Space's website — https://www.impulsespace.com/

Tom's socials — https://twitter.com/lrocket

Mo's socials — https://twitter.com/itsmoislam

Payload’s socials — https://twitter.com/payloadspace / https://www.linkedin.com/company/payloadspace

Pathfinder archive — Watch: https://www.youtube.com/@payloadspace Pathfinder archive — Listen: https://pod.payloadspace.com/episodes

• About us •

Pathfinder is brought to you by Payload, a modern space media brand built from the ground up for a new age of space exploration and commercialization. We deliver need-to-know news and insights daily to 15,000+ commercial, civil, and military space leaders. Payload is read by decision-makers at every leading new space company, along with c-suite leaders at all of the aerospace & defense primes. We’re also read on Capitol Hill, in the Pentagon, and at space agencies around the world. Payload began as a weekly email sent to a few friends and coworkers.

Today, we’re a team distributed across four time zones and two continents, publishing three media properties across multiple platforms: 1) Payload, our flagship daily newsletter, sends M-F @ 9am Eastern (https://newsletter.payloadspace.com/) 2) Pathfinder publishes weekly on Tuesday mornings (pod.payloadspace.com) 3) Polaris, our weekly policy publication, hits inboxes Tuesday (https://polaris.payloadspace.com/) 4) Parallax, our weekly space science briefing, hits inboxes Thursday (https://parallax.payloadspace.com/)

From Merlin to Mira, with Tom Mueller (Impulse Space)

Valley of Depth