#374 - The evolutionary biology of testosterone: how it shapes male development and sex-based behavioral differences, | Carole Hooven, Ph.D.

In this episode of The Drive, Peter Attia interviews Carole Hooven, a human evolutionary biologist, about the role of testosterone and other sex hormones in shaping sex differences in humans and other mammals. They discuss prenatal testosterone exposure and its effects on the development of the body and brain, the evolutionary logic behind male competitiveness and aggression, and the impact of modern life on ancient drives. They also delve into the complexities of hormone therapy for both sexes, the cultural debate over masculinity, and the costs of denying biological sex differences. Hooven shares her personal experiences with hormone replacement therapy after surgical menopause and her views on the current cultural narrative surrounding masculinity. The conversation explores the interplay between biology and culture in shaping human behavior and the challenges of navigating these complex issues in modern society.